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: Because there was no central "compositor" to manage these layers, the dwm.exe process simply was not part of the operating system. What is DWM.exe?

While (Desktop Window Manager) is a fundamental component of modern Windows systems, it technically does not exist in Windows XP . It was first introduced with Windows Vista to power the "Aero" visual effects and has been a core process in every version since, including Windows 7, 10, and 11. The Evolution of Windows Graphics: XP vs. Vista and Beyond

: If you dragged one window over another and the system was slow, you would often see a "trail" of frozen windows because the underlying app couldn't repaint itself fast enough.

: Each application was responsible for drawing its own interface directly to the main screen buffer.