: Britain and France often supported the Ottoman Empire to prevent Russia from becoming too powerful in the region. 3. Attempts at Reform: The Tanzimat
Towards the end of the century, a group of young, Western-educated officers and intellectuals—the —emerged. They advocated for a constitutional monarchy and more radical modernization to prevent the total collapse of the state. Key Vocabulary for This Section Sultan : The supreme ruler of the Ottoman Empire.
: Modernize the army, improve the legal system, and grant equal rights to all subjects regardless of religion. : Britain and France often supported the Ottoman
Para 26 in the textbook (authored by V. V. Noskov and T. P. Andreevskaya) typically covers The Decline of the Ottoman Empire or the processes of modernization and colonial expansion in Asia.
: The authority of the Sultans declined as local governors and military elites (such as the Janissaries) sought more independence. They advocated for a constitutional monarchy and more
: Elite infantry units that eventually became a political force hindering reform. Tanzimat : A period of reorganization and modernization.
This term refers to the diplomatic and military competition between European powers (Russia, Britain, France, and Austria) over the fate of the Ottoman territories. Para 26 in the textbook (authored by V
To save the state, the Ottoman government introduced a series of reforms known as the (1839–1876).