Martini questions how a secular morality can remain absolute without a transcendent foundation. He challenges Eco to explain where a non-believer finds the strength to sacrifice themselves for a higher cause if there is no eternal life or divine purpose.

(translating to "What do those who do not believe, believe in?" ) refers to a profound dialogue between two of Italy's greatest intellectuals: the late semiotician and novelist Umberto Eco and the former Archbishop of Milan, Cardinal Carlo Maria Martini .

The question has evolved into a broader cultural inquiry about how we navigate a pluralistic society: