: Advanced algorithm construction, often focusing on languages like Pascal or Python , including cycles, arrays, and subroutines.

: Ugrinovich is known for a rigorous, scientific style that prepares students well for the OGE (Basic State Exam) in Informatics. Where to Read Online

: If you are taking the state exam, pay extra attention to the chapters on Boolean algebra (logic) and number systems , as these make up a large portion of the test.