Though the concept is simple—using electricity to push molecules through a "filter"—electrophoresis is one of the most powerful techniques in modern science. It transformed biology from a descriptive field into a precise, molecular discipline, providing the visual evidence needed to map the human genome and solve complex medical mysteries.
An electrical current is applied. Since DNA and RNA are negatively charged due to their phosphate backbone, they migrate toward the positive electrode (anode).
The standard method for separating DNA fragments, often used after a PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) to verify results.
Electrophoresis is the backbone of several critical scientific fields:
The process relies on the principle that many biological molecules possess an electrical charge. When placed in an electric field, these molecules migrate toward the electrode with the opposite charge.
Researchers use it to isolate specific genes for cloning or to study mutations. Conclusion
Uses narrow tubes instead of gels, allowing for high-speed separation and automation, commonly used in modern DNA sequencing. Real-World Applications
