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Patients typically present with pain over the medial bony prominence (bunion), worsened by footwear pressure, and sometimes associated with bursitis. Radiographic Metrics (Weight-bearing): Hallux Valgus Angle (HVA): Normal 40∘is greater than 40 raised to the composed with power Intermetatarsal Angle (IMA): Normal <9∘is less than 9 raised to the composed with power (between 1st and 2nd metatarsal shafts).

Metatarsus adductus, Achilles tendon tightness, and hammertoe are frequently observed alongside HV. 3. Diagnosis and Clinical Assessment Download Hallux valgus pdf

The deformity starts with a medial deviation of the first metatarsal head, followed by valgus deformity of the proximal phalanx, and a lateral shift of the sesamoids. Patients typically present with pain over the medial

This draft covers the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of hallux valgus, utilizing current research and established clinical guidelines. worsened by footwear pressure