: Computed Tomographic Pulmonary Angiography ( CTPA ) is the gold standard for confirmation. Ventilation-perfusion (

) scans are alternatives for patients with renal issues or contrast allergies. Management and Treatment

Patients with a first episode of unprovoked PE usually require anticoagulation for at least 3 to 6 months. Extended therapy may be necessary if persistent risk factors exist. Long-term monitoring is essential to detect rare complications like , which can present as persistent breathlessness months after the initial event.

: The mainstay for most patients. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is often preferred over unfractionated heparin (UFH) for initial treatment. Long-term management typically involves Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) like apixaban or rivaroxaban.