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: Mathematical models used to predict the effectiveness of a specific round against a specific armor or target.
: How different materials (steel, concrete, ballistic gelatin) react to impact. Ballistics: Theory and Design of Guns and Ammun...
: The role of rifling (spin-stabilization) versus fins (fin-stabilization) to prevent the projectile from tumbling. : Mathematical models used to predict the effectiveness
: Calculating the peak pressure within the chamber and how it drops as the projectile travels down the bore. : Calculating the peak pressure within the chamber
: The chemistry of gunpowder, burn rates, and how chemical energy converts to kinetic energy.
This describes the short, complex period when the projectile emerges from the muzzle and is still influenced by the escaping high-pressure gases (the "muzzle blast"). : The visible byproducts of combustion.
: The design of ammunition to expand or break apart to maximize energy transfer.