The Sun's motion toward its apex creates a pattern of proper motions where distant stars appear to drift toward the antapex over time [14].
The point from which the Sun appears to be moving away, situated roughly at R.A. 6h, Dec -30° [10]. antapex
Earth is more likely to encounter ISOs during the winter months when its orbital position aligns with the solar antapex [2, 3]. While the fastest objects approach from the solar apex, the overall volume of impacts can be higher from the antapex direction due to the relative orbital geometry [19]. The Sun's motion toward its apex creates a
In any system of motion, the is the "forward" direction and the antapex is the "rearward" direction. Earth is more likely to encounter ISOs during
Synchronously rotating moons (like Rhea and Iapetus) often exhibit an apex-antapex asymmetry [1]. The leading hemisphere (apex) generally shows a higher density of large impact craters than the trailing hemisphere (antapex) because it "sweeps up" debris in its path [7].
Over long periods (e.g., 10 years), the Sun's movement provides a baseline that allows for the measurement of parallax shifts in quasars and other extragalactic objects, with the shift always directed toward the antapex [9]. 4. Recent Case Studies