Alfred Kastler Here

Kastler’s groundbreaking technique, developed alongside Jean Brossel, is known as "optical pumping."

Imagine atoms as unruly students in a classroom. Kastler's light acted as the teacher, getting all students to look in the same direction, making them easier to teach (or in this case, measure). Legacy and Impact alfred kastler

Kastler discovered that by irradiating atoms with specially polarized light, he could push electrons into higher energy levels, effectively "pumping" them into a specific, ordered state. Kastler’s groundbreaking technique